回魂夜UNSC Expansion Would 'Certify Transition From US Unipolarism to Multipolarity': Scholar_我的网站
一 | 出口量连创新高今年以来，我国汽车出口提速。 The UN General Assembly in New York is meeting Tuesday to discuss ways to make the Security Council more representative and equitable.,The meeting, convened by General Assembly President Abdulla Shahid in a letter dated July 7, is tasked with deliberating the “question of equitable representation and an increase in the membership of the Security Council and other matters related to the Security Council.” Sahid is expected to present a draft oral decision “following consultations” with General Assembly members.,A draft presented on the UN’s website reaffirms “the central role of the General Assembly concerning the question of equitable representation on and increase in the membership of the Security Council,” and expresses “the commitment of heads of state and government representing the peoples of the world to instill new life in the discussions on the reform of the Security Council.”,The draft proposes the continuation of “intergovernmental negotiations on Security Council reform” at the upcoming 77th General Assembly in September, including the creation of an “open-ended working group” to discuss the matter.,Background,Created as part of the United Nations after the end of the Second World War, the Security Council consists of the world’s five major nuclear powers (Russia, China, the United States, France, and Britain) and 10 rotating non-permanent members. Collectively, their main goal is the maintenance of international peace and security.,A key difference between the UN and its Security Council and the League of Nations – the defunct intergovernmental organization formed in the aftermath of the First World War, is the inclusion in the former of the right for each permanent member to veto substantive resolutions made by other members, such as accepting new members into the UN, or authorizing the use of force against another country.,The veto concept was a hard-fought victory of the Soviet delegation at the San Francisco conference on the UN’s formation. Moscow argued for the right of veto to prevent one or more major powers from ganging up on others to pursue national geopolitical, economic, or military interests at the expense of others using the UN platform to provide such actions with legitimacy.,The veto principle enabled the Security Council and the UN generally to the survive multiple international crises, both during the Cold War and in the three decades after 1991, and ensured that the UN did not collapse, as its League of Nations predecessor did, in times of crisis.,Putin on 75th Anniversary of WWII: Shared Responsibility to History and Future18 June 2020, 19:47 GMT,Why Reform Now?,The Security Council underwent two major reforms: in 1965, when the original non-permanent membership was increased from six to ten to account for the emergence of new countries in the Global South after the collapse of European colonial empires, and in 1971, when the US dropped its veto to allow the People’s Republic of China to take up its rightful seat at the Security Council, replacing Taiwan.,Discussions on reforming the Security Council began anew in the early 1990s, as the United States and its allies, convinced of their triumph and status as leaders of a new global order following the collapse of the USSR, began discussing the "end of history" and conceptualizing ways to make the 21st century an “American century.” On the other side of the debate, rising powers from the Third World began pushing to reform the UN to make it more representative of their interests.,In 2005, rising economic giants India and Brazil, as well as Germany and Japan, the defeated Axis powers, formed the so-called G4 group of nations to support one another’s push for permanent Security Council membership. In 2005, then-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan put forward a proposal to expand the council to 24 members, either by creating six new permanent members and three new non-permanent ones, or eight new non-permanent members of a new class of rotating members and one additional non-permanent seat. In 2017, the G4 announced their readiness to temporarily accept non-veto wielding status to become permanent Security Council members.,Opponents of reforming the Security Council have made arguments on the basis of perceived balance of power-related concerns, such as Pakistan opposing India’s permanent membership, or Spain and Italy opposing German membership, South Korea opposing Japanese membership, and major Latin American powers like Argentina, Mexico, and Colombia opposing Brazil’s membership. Other rising powers, such as Turkey, have argued in favor of the Security Council’s expansion to better represent Asian, Latin American, and African countries.,Moscow has paid a heavy price for its permanent membership in the Security Council, first through its central role in defeating Nazi Germany and Japan during the Second World War, and then in 1991, by taking upon itself the entirety of the USSR’s $66 billion perestroika-era debt after the country’s collapse. But Russia has also expressed support for reforming the body to better represent developing nations, particularly India and Brazil, as well as a candidate from Africa. At BRICS summits in 2021 and 2022, Russia and China reiterated their continued support for improving the BRICS’ status at the UN, including via a comprehensive reform of the Security Council.,Iran Asks to Join BRICS27 June, 17:19 GMT,In recent months, these calls have grown louder, with Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov indicating in April that countries from the Global South would be an excellent way to curb the “unilateralism” of the West at the UN.,Last week, Russian Ambassador to China Andrei Denisov reaffirmed Russia’s readiness to discuss the expansion of the Security Council to provide membership to India and Brazil, but not US allies Germany and Japan.,“Russia is calling for the expansion of the UN Security Council based on a broad consensus. It requires increasing the proportionate share of African, Asian and Latin American countries for the UN Security Council to be able to reflect the aspirations of people around the world and be a more democratic body,” Denisov said, speaking at the World Peace Forum in Beijing on July 4.,“At the same time, I would like to be frank – we aren’t ready to support the accession of actors such as Germany and Japan. We don’t see any added value from their potential accession. Given the current balance on the Council – or imbalance, I should say, the membership of the two aforementioned candidates is unlikely to strengthen it, rather it will make the imbalance even more striking,” the diplomat stressed.,An Idea Whose Time Has Come?,“It appears that all nations are aware that the UNSC must become more inclusive and representative of the reality of today’s world,” says Paolo Raffone, director of the CIPI Foundation, a Brussels-based think tank.,According to the observer, apart from the 1971 modification of the Council to reflect China taking over Taiwan’s seat, the UNSC of today still largely “reflects the world of 1945.”,“For many years the UNSC has been blocked by cross-veto proceedings, affecting stability and peace in the world. Unblocking the UNSC is the most urgent need for all nations wishing for the effectiveness of a rule-based international systems,” Raffone argues.,Raffone favors adding BRICS countries into the mix, pointing to their collective status representing “the largest share of world population, land and [purchasing power parity],” as well as “spectacular” economic growth over the past two decades. “Their inclusion in the UNSC would certainly strive to keep globalization alive under new rules and governance,” and reduce problems such as lack of democracy, poor geographical representation, and “lack of legitimacy for ensuring global governance” of the current body, he believes.,The observer emphasizes, however, that for any reform initiative to succeed, two-thirds of the UN’s member states would have vote for and ratify it, with every permanent member of the Security Council also needing to agree – no easy task to pull off.,EXCLUSIVE: New Delhi Does Not Support Attempts to Isolate Russia, Says Russian Ambassador to India5 July, 10:29 GMT,New Multipolar World Order,“The enlargement of the UN Security Council would formally certify, on the international level, the transition from US unipolarism to the new multipolar architecture. It would be an epochal event!” says Tiberio Graziani, chairman of Vision & Global Trends: International Institute for Global Analyses, an Italy-based international affairs think tank.,Graziani is convinced that the benefits from the body’s expansion would be multifold, including rebalancing power in international organizations “hitherto essentially ‘Westernist’” and “hegemonized” by the West. “Above all,” he says, “enlargement would be essential to ensure greater stability” in the “turbulent geopolitical and geo-economic transition” that the present moment represents.,The observer stresses that any reforms would need to be gradual to prevent an institutional crisis, but admits that “some reforms must be radical,” given the organization’s dominance by Western powers.,Like Raffone, Graziani supports the increased visibility of BRICS nations in the body, citing their outsized significance to global security and the economy and underrepresentation in this sense.,“At the moment we are in a particular situation: on the one hand there is the West led by the United States and the British which constitutes a conservative pole that aims to maintain a hegemonic role on a planetary level, on the other hand there is a set of nations (basically the BRICS countries) which demand a greater presence in global decisions. Within the framework of the UN, the contribution of the BRICS countries would be fundamental since it would guarantee a balance that has not been there so far,” Graziani believes.,The observer stresses that there simply is no alternative to the UN’s authority in international affairs, and that subsequently, “a new, more balanced (multipolar) international forum needs to be set up” in the present situation.。
二 | 中汽协数据显示，8月份，汽车企业出口30.8万辆，再创历史新高，首次实现单月出口超过30万辆。
三 | 今年前8月，汽车企业出口181.7万辆，同比增长52.8%。分车型看，前8月，乘用车出口144.6万辆，同比增长56.4%；商用车出口37.1万辆，同比增长40.2%。中汽协副总工程师许海东告诉记者，乘用车主要包括轿车、SUV和MPV等车型，目前我国SUV在国际市场的比较优势相对明显。自主品牌车企是我国汽车出口的生力军。前8月，上汽集团海外出口及海外基地销售量累计达到57.99万辆，同比增长56.67%；8月份，上汽集团海外销量高达10.1万辆，同比增长65.7%，占总销量近20%。前8月，奇瑞集团出口累计超25万辆，同比增长51.1%，占总销量的三分之一。业内人士分析，在上汽和奇瑞销售结构中，出口份额占比已达20%至40%，这是一个前所未有的成就，越来越多车企正从“中国的车企”迈向“世界级车企”。
四 | 从出口目的地看，海外市场分布更为稳定和集中，形成亚洲、拉丁美洲和欧洲三足鼎立的格局。得益于中国汽车工业实力增强、产业链相对完整以及性价比优势，近年来，中国汽车在部分国家和地区的细分市场已经形成较强影响力。新能源汽车领跑在全球推进汽车电动化的背景下，中国新能源汽车在海外市场的表现同样可圈可点。中汽协数据显示，今年以来，我国新能源汽车出口持续增长。前8月，新能源汽车出口34.1万辆，同比增长97.4%，对汽车出口贡献率达到了26.7%。值得关注的是，与传统燃油车不同，新能源汽车主要出口到发达国家市场。据统计，出口到发达国家的销量占比高达85.6%。比亚迪唐和汉、东风风光ix5、小鹏G3、爱驰U5、赛力斯3等国产自主品牌乘用车电动车型先后出口欧洲；宇通、金龙、比亚迪等新能源客车产品在欧美、中东也有很好表现。与此同时，中国新能源汽车走出国门也不再沿袭“低价换市场”的老路。
五 | 许海东介绍，2021年，出海欧洲的自主品牌新能源汽车平均单价为3万美元(约合人民币20.2万元)，表明自主品牌在海外市场已经具备一定话语权。蔚来汽车董事长李斌告诉记者，蔚来汽车的挪威订单需求超出预期，在所有订单中，92%的用户选择了BaaS。蔚来的产品、服务和创新商业模式不仅适用中国市场，在全球市场上也具有其独特价值和优势。许海东认为，我国新能源汽车出口之所以能保持较高增速，与竞争力不断提升密不可分。近年来，我国明确了新能源汽车发展方向，不断完善相关规划和政策体系，为新能源汽车产业提供了良好的发展环境。新能源汽车行业依托国内拥有超大规模市场优势，在相对完整产业链支撑下，制造水平持续提升。同时，随着“双碳”发展理念的普及，国际市场对新能源汽车的需求也快速增长。麦肯锡在一份报告中指出，中国电动车领军企业具有明显优势，拥有极具未来感的内饰设计，以及丰富的车联网功能。欧洲车企如果想匹配同样的能力，报价则要高得多。
六 | “走出去”需长期规划中汽协预测，今年我国汽车出口有望超过240万辆，销量占比有望逼近10%，成为我国汽车产销量的重要组成部分。实际上，根据前8个月数据，240万辆的预测或许有些保守。中汽协常务副会长兼秘书长付炳锋表示，在汽车产业逐步回归正轨后，仍需关注制约产业发展的诸多不确定性因素。比如，国际环境更趋复杂严峻，世界经济复苏放缓，全球通胀压力居高不下，以及动力电池原材料价格出现上涨苗头、国内疫情多点散发等多重因素为产业链供应链带来不确定性，需要行业密切关注并及时采取有效应对措施。除了外部环境，汽车出海还面临着新的挑战。中国机电产品进出口商会汽车分会孙晓红认为，在各方对行业高速发展寄予美好期望的同时，也应该清醒地看到，目前我国汽车产品贸易的主要方式还停留在一般贸易阶段，海外投资设厂规模远不及跨国汽车制造商，配套供应链自主性和品牌影响力仍在建设之中，不能仅靠出口数据来评价一国汽车产品的竞争力。由单纯的贸易模式，向品牌“走出去”模式转变，正成为部分中国车企出海的新目标。9月16日，蔚来在匈牙利佩斯州投资建设的蔚来能源欧洲工厂完成首座换电站下线，这是蔚来在海外建设的第一座工厂，也是蔚来加电产品的欧洲制造中心、服务中心和研发中心。上汽集团已经在海外建立了伦敦、硅谷、特拉维夫3大研发创新中心，拥有98个生产研发基地。许海东表示，目前来看，中国汽车出海仍以贸易为主，海外直接投资较少。未来，随着出口量不断增加，车企在海外市场的产品设计、供应链、管理和服务，以及二手车体系建设都要跟上。全球化发展是车企做大做强的必由之路，也是我国成为汽车强国的重要体现，有实力的企业要勇于开拓。工业和信息化部近日表示，未来将结合产业发展形势和企业需求，加大政策法规、消费金融、信用保险等政策供给，助力中国品牌“走出去”。 Current article:http://vdqk.cesangrangshunzashuangruijiu.pics/list_sne1h1/mxs68.html Published on:00:21:15 |
