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A | 科学家在《当前生物学》杂志上刚刚发表了一篇名为“在实验室中合作以及在野外维持社交网络的吸血蝙蝠”的研究论文。他们对普通吸血蝙蝠（Desmodus rotundus）进行22个月的人工饲养及随后的追踪测试。 New Zealand is perfectly fine with you pooping and peeing in public, as long as you make sure you aren’t being watched. But more restrictions on doing your business outdoors may be coming to the island nation soon.,Freedom Camping is camping on public land without paying a fee and is an activity quickly growing in popularity in New Zealand. In 2019, the year before the country shut down tourism due to the COVID-19 pandemic, more than 245,000 freedom campers enjoyed New Zealand’s famous landscapes while “freedom camping.” Of those, only 91,000 were Kiwis, indicating freedom camping is becoming a major tourist attraction for the small country.,However, it is also causing problems, something the Responsible Campers Association (RCA) wants to fix by adding more regulations on where freedom campers do their personal business and what they do with it after they are done.,'Crappiest Fountain Ever': UK Envoy's Husband Slashes Controversial New Zealand Landmark30 May, 10:23 GMT,The association wants new rules mandating that excrement must be buried at least 15cm (5.9 inches) and must be done at least 15 meters (49.2 feet) away from the nearest waterway.,The plea comes after multiple localities banned freedom campers from popular destinations because of a perceived increase in human waste and toilet paper being left at sites around the country. The issue became so heated that New Zealand’s tourism minister Stuart Nash told Radio New Zealand that freedom campers “pull over to the side of the road and … s*** in our waterways.”,The spokesperson for the RCA, Bob Osborne, says that blaming freedom campers is unfair. “There is no evidence linking any specific group to this undesirable practice which affects travelers all over New Zealand,” he said.,While the RCA advocates for a more permanent solution of more public restrooms, Osborne says that in the meantime, mitigation of the worst side effects of public defecation can be a solution, namely burying excrement and toilet paper and keeping it out of water sources. The association also stresses that campers should not be punished for the actions of a few bad apples, and that bad behavior should be punished, not camping itself.,Technically, public defecation is an offense in New Zealand that can result in a $200 fine, but that fine will be waived if the offender can show they had reason to believe no one could see them doing their business. Nash will be introducing new regulations to parliament later this year, including harsher fines for bad behavior and restrictions on where freedom campers can park.,With COVID-19 restrictions on tourism being lifted in the country, 2022 is expected to be a big year for freedom camping in New Zealand. With unburied defecation still allowed under law, campers are advised to watch where they step.。该研究包括对从“大空心树”中选择的大约23只雌性吸血蝙蝠进行的测试，以及在野外的大约200只吸血蝙蝠。在收集上述蝙蝠的数据之前，科学家们记录了在野外栖息的蝙蝠之间的社交合作的观察结果。
B | 他们测量了每只蝙蝠与另一只蝙蝠之间的接近程度，并利用皮尔逊相关系数呈现结果。
C | 平均数显示了关联的三个要素：亲属关系（血缘关系），梳理行为和分享食物。一旦将蝙蝠释放到野外，研究人员就使用定制的高分辨率传感器对其进行跟踪。使用在所有这些时期收集的数据，研究人员表明，圈养的吸血蝙蝠之间的合作关系可以预测它们野外栖息地的距离。根据这项研究（以及以往的类似数据研究），“甚至在控制亲属关系的情况下”，食物共享和社交梳理行为也是相互关联和对称的。
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